Daga Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo
Daular Iberiya ta Sifaniyawa (Dake qasar Spain) ta wanzu daruruwan shekaru da suka gabata. Yanki ne mai cike da Ilimi, na kimiyya da Kere-kere tun tsawon lokaci daya shude. Sai dai daga baya, bunkasa da izzar daular Rum ta mamaye wannan daula ta Iberiya, wanda ya tilasta mata kasancewa a karkashin ta (Rum) na tsawon lokaci.
Matsaloli da dama sun auku a daular Rum baki daya.
Daman dai ita daula ce wadda ta shahara a fadin duniya.
Sai dai daga bisani yahudawa sama da miliyan daya sun mamayeta. Sannan rashin aikin yi yayi tsamari a Kasashen dake karkashin ikon daular, har dama wata doka da wani Sarki mai suna Diocletin ya taba kakabawa mai cewa dole ne dukkan Da ya gaji sana'ar mahaifin sa, sai hakan ya zamo arziki baya garawa a cikin al'umma, ga dumbim haraji da sarakuna suka sanyawa 'yan Kasa, hakan ya tilasta aukuwar rikice-rikice da rashin zama lafiya a daular.
A wajajen Karni na hudu, sai addinin kirista ya mamaye wannan daula. Har takai ga sarakunan Rum sun Ayyana kiristanci a matsayin addinin Masarauta wanda dole duk dan kasa ya karba. Kafin Karni na bakwai, kiristanci ya shafe dukkan yankin Italy, spain, portugal da france.a lokacin kuma daular Rum ta fara sanyi, daular iberiya ta sifen kuma ta fara cin gashin kanta. Inda har akace kiristocin Spain sun hade kansu akan kin jinin yahudawa. Sarakunan su kuma suna sanya doka mai tsanani wadda take tilasta mutum yin addinin Yesu Kiristi. Kamar misalin dokar da Sarki Sisebu ya sanya a shekarar 616, mai cewa ayiwa duk bayahuden daya ki karbar kiristanci bulala dari a sake shi. Sannan a kara kamo shi daga baya, a hallaka shi idan yaki karba. Da kuma wata dokar ta 'Judaeorum Pestis' da Sarki Erwig ya kaddamar a shekara ta 680, wadda take cewa dole duk wani bayahude ya amshi kiristanci ko kuma yabar Kasar Sifen. Sannan akasa dokar kwace yaran yahudawa idan suka isa shekaru bakwai a damkasu ga yahudawa. Wannan sai yasa yankin sifen yayiwa yahudawa tsamari, ala tilas suka rinka yin gudun hijira izuwa garufuwan larabawa dake Arewacin Afirka, musamman ma Kasashen Egypt da syria.
Daga baya kuma sun dan hada wata runduna sukayi yunkurin dawowa Sifen da italy don kwatar yanki, amma hakan su ya kasa cimma ruwa.
Adai-dai lokacin da ake wannan a Sifen, musulunci kuma ya kafu kuma har ya fara bazuwa. Annabi Muhammad (S.a.w) yayi wafati a wajajen shekara ta 632, inda Sayyidina Abubakar Assiddique ya Halifance shi, tun alokacin an samu wasu musulmai da suka bar garuruwan makkah da madina izuwa sassan duniya domin yada addinin Allah.
Masana Tarihin musulunci irinsu Imam Jarir Al Tabari, da Imam Ibn kathir sun tafi akan cewa Musulunci ya fara isuwa daular Iberiya dake Sifen shekaru 32 bayan Hijirar Annabi Muhammad (s.a.w) (shekaru ashirin da daya kenan bayan Hijira, kuma shekara ta 643 wanda tayi dai-dai da lokacin Halifancin Sayyidina Umar R.A kenan) inda sukace Abdullahi Ibn Nafi-al Husayn da Abdullahi Ibn Nafi'al Qaiys ne suka jagoranci tawagar karbe iko da daular Iberiya. Amma daga bisani, masanan tarihin zamani sun musunta wannan batu, sun kuma sauyashi da makamancin sa.
A cewar su, ai daman tun shekara ta 633 (A lokacin halifancin Sayyidina Abubakar R.A) an samu wasu larabawa makiyaya da ake kira 'Ashaa'ir' (Bedoween) wadanda suka fita wajen Madina suna yada addinin musulunci. Don haka a kasa da shekaru goma, sai aka samu cewa musulunci ya yadu a wasu garuruwan Bezantin dake tsakankanin kasashen turai dana Morocco. A wajajen shekara ta 661 kuwa, musulunci ya zauna daram a kasashen arewacin Afirka, ciki kuwa har da sassan Libya.
Don haka suka cigaba da cewa a shekara ta 644, daf da rasuwar Sayyidina Omar bayan an sokeshi da wuka, sai daya tara manyan Sahabbai shidda yace su fitar da Halifa, yayin da suka zabi Sayyidina Usman (R.A) don ya gaje shi. Wannan shine asalin fara shugabancin banu Umayya (Umayyad) jinsin khuraishawa, 'yan uwan Manzon Allah Annabi Muhammad (s.a.w). Daga nan abu yayi karfi a shekara ta 661 lokacin da Fitina ta farko fa fara aukuwa a musulunci, Sahabi Mu'awiya ya mayar da halifanci kasar syria, birnin Damascus. Sai aka sanyawa daular suna Daular Umayyawa.
To daga wannan lokacin, sai ya zamana daular musulunci ta Umayyad na tura dakaru yaki don fadada daular gami da yada musulunci. A kan haka ne tayi karfin da duk sauran dauloli ita suke bi, tun daga kan Iran, fasha, Kairawani da sauran su. A farkon karni na takwas, daular Umayyad ta kwace garin Sebta (Ceuta) daka karkashin Rumawa. Wannan kuwa babbar nasara ce, domin garin ya zamo mafaka ga Sifaniyawa da yahudawa daga yakokin dake wanzuwa a daular Iberiya ta sifain din.
Abinda ya faru kuwa shine, Sarki Visigoth Roderick ne ya zamo Sarkin daular Iberiyan, wanda wasu suka ce bajamushe ne, shine kuma wanda ya shiga uzzuruwa Sifaniyawa da cin mutunci. A ciki ma ance har 'yar kwamandan yakin sifaniyawa dake Sebta mai Suna Julien yayiwa fyade, don haka sai wani kwamandan yaki na daular Umayyad mai suna Tariq Ibn Ziyad ya jagoranci tawaga bisa sahalewar Sarkin daular Umayyad Alwalid, suka hadu da sifaniyawan Sebta suka yaki Sarki Roderick, ala tilas suka koreshi a wani gagarumin yaki da suka gwabza, mai lakabin 'Battle of Guadeleta'.
Bayan gama wannan yaki, sai kuma Sarkin Kairawan mai mulkin Afirka ta arewa mai suna Musa Ibn Nusayr wanda shima yake biyayya ga daular Umayyad, ya kawo dauki, daga nan sai suka wanzu cinye garuruwan Sifen suna dora sarakuna musulmai. Hakan kamar misalin fadada girman daular Umayyad ne, amma kuma sai suka lakabawa yankin suna ANDALUZ.
Wannan shine usulun kafuwar daular ita kanta...
Daga Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo
© Sirrinrikemiji
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